{"id":1981,"date":"2024-02-12T01:27:25","date_gmt":"2024-02-12T01:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/?p=1981"},"modified":"2024-02-12T01:28:05","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T01:28:05","slug":"%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%bc-%d0%bf%d1%8a%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/?p=1981","title":{"rendered":"\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4\">\u041b\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434<\/a><\/u> ,1816 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e <strong>\u0410\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0427\u0430\u043b\u044a\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong>. 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href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F\">\u0414\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/u> \u0432 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0\">\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430<\/a><\/u> (1856).<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0442 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/u> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b, \u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 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href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/u>, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8\">\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0417\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/u>.<u><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC_I#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/u> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1868 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442<\/a><\/u>. \u0421\u044a\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u0432\u044a\u0440\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F\">\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 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href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/28_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8\">28 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0438<\/a><\/u> \u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b) <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1872\">1872<\/a><\/u> \u0433. \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044a\u0432 \u0435\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0443 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430. \u0418\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 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href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/u>. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A3%D1%87%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\">\u0423\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/u> \u0438 \u043d\u0430 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\">I \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/u> (1879).<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0\">\u0421\u0440\u044a\u0431\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/u> \u043e\u0442 1885 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u044a\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0440\u044f\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0440. <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2\">\u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432<\/a><\/u>, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u043d\u0438\u044f <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\">\u0440\u0443\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/u> \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82\">\u041a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0442<\/a><\/u>. \u041c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u0432\u044a\u0440\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"20\"><\/td>\n<td><em>&#8222;\u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435, \u0442\u0440\u0443\u043f\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 <u><sup><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC_I#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a>&#8222;<\/sup><\/u><\/em><\/td>\n<td width=\"20\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c I \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 1 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 1888 \u0433. <u><a href=\"http:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC_I\">\u041c\u0430\u0432\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0435\u044f\u0442<\/a><\/u> \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0445 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c I \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u041b\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 ,1816 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0427\u0430\u043b\u044a\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0440, \u041b\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e.[1] \u0417\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0448\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u0425\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440, \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c (1837). \u0423\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f &#8211; \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0448\u043c\u0435 (1843-1844). \u0417\u0430\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-54"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1981"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2029,"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1981\/revisions\/2029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulgarika.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}